HotlineIn 2014, Yinchuan City of Ningxia took the lead in testing the first, and took the lead in breaking the reform of state-owned enterprises. Clearing assets, clearing debts, clearing funds, clearing land, forming large state-owned assets, and promoting personnel reform... At present, through reform, Yinchuan gradually shifts state-owned assets management from decentralized management to centralized (large state capital); state-owned enterprise executives are administrative The appointment and dismissal of professional appointments (de-administration); the transformation of state-owned enterprises from classified supervision to non-category supervision (cancellation of classification supervision), forming a three-tier structure of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, state-owned capital investment operation companies, and state-owned enterprises, opening up Yinchuan State-owned enterprises A new situation in development.
Focus on top-level design, “big state capital” promotes separation of government and enterprise
In 2015, Yinchuan City carried out “four clears” within the city, namely clearing assets, clearing debts, clearing funds, clearing land, and giving a thorough analysis of state-owned assets.
Interests are unclear, powers and responsibilities are vague, and management is chaotic. Some of the commissions in Yinchuan are more or less present. The "four clears" work has cleared more than 160 billion yuan of assets, including non-operating assets of more than 20 billion yuan and operating assets of more than 140 billion yuan. The clean-up of assets is not only to prevent the loss of state-owned assets, but also to prepare for the establishment of large state-owned assets.
Yinchuan City has innovatively established three state-owned capital operation companies, which has realized the transformation of state-owned assets supervision from management, management, and management of assets to management capital, and formed a new reform model of state-owned assets committee-capital operation company-state-owned enterprises. The assets after the "four clears" are all handed over to the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the operational assets are injected into the capital operation company, and the non-operating assets are managed by the SASAC.
In December 2014, based on the second-tier companies such as Yinchuan City Investment, Fangtou and Bintou, Yinchuan Tonglian Capital Investment Operation Co., Ltd. came into being, and officially shouldered the responsibility of investment and financing platform and market players. After the establishment of Yinchuan Tonglian Capital, it first integrated most of the state-owned industrial capital under the former SASAC, and formed the main business of the seven sectors: investment financing, urban infrastructure construction, public transportation operations, centralized water supply, book sales, gas supply. And cultural tourism, the realization of the collection and integration of industrial capital, activated the mobility of state-owned capital. At present, Yinchuan Tonglian Capital has 13 secondary enterprises, 60 tertiary enterprises, 7482 employees and 892 party members. It has become the largest state-owned enterprise in Yinchuan and the government's largest investment and financing platform.
In 2015, Tonglian Capital achieved the credit rating of AA+ by China Chengxin International Credit Rating Co., Ltd. and the credit rating of Baa3 by foreign rating agencies, with the advantages of large-scale assets, good cash flow and excellent financial statements. These two ratings are the highest in the same category in Yinchuan, which is the highest credit rating of the state-owned enterprises in Yinchuan City and even Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
Cancel the classification and supervision, and encourage the performance of national enterprises
Another major breakthrough and exploration of the reform of state-owned enterprises in Yinchuan City has abolished the classification supervision model. This move has also brought great attention to all sectors.
According to Guo Baichun, deputy mayor of Yinchuan City, the classification supervision has existed in the supervision of early state-owned enterprises, and it is divided into loss-based and profit-based categories. For some enterprises with loss-making, they mainly adopt the method of financial subsidy, but because this division blocks the entry of social capital, it becomes an exclusive way for state-owned enterprises, causing enterprises to become more and more like organs, and their management consciousness is becoming increasingly indifferent. Seriously, more and more people, the amount of losses continues to increase. On the one hand, financial burdens have been formed, and on the other hand, due to limited financial resources, a supply gap has been formed.
Change the classification supervision mode and attract social capital participation. In recent years, Yinchuan City has reformed this early classification regulation. The government adopts the purchase method, which not only attracts the active participation of social capital, but also the state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, domestic capital and foreign capital. Participation has formed a unified, open and competitive market system. Yinchuan's tap water and civil gas adopt the principle of price-selling, and social capital actively participates in not only setting up a joint venture company, but also achieving self-profit, securing supply and reducing financial burden. Xie Jun, general manager of China Railway Water Group of Yinchuan City, proudly said: "As early as 2011, Yinchuan City started the water supply reform and introduced the China Railway First Bureau. It is completely market-oriented. Now, through market-based continuous operation, not only does it need to be financed. Subsidies have reduced the financial burden, and we have strictly followed the Yinchuan City Water Supply Plan to formulate corporate development strategies, increase capital investment, and ensure the quality of urban water supply.” The sewage treatment industry adopts the government's method of purchasing sewage treatment services, which is market-oriented, not only local. Enterprises and foreign companies are also actively participating. At present, the sewage treatment industry in Yinchuan has both state-owned enterprises and private enterprises. There are both domestic enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises. By bidding, not only the sewage treatment costs are reduced, the financial burden is reduced, but also the capital is introduced to make up for the lack of financial construction funds. The problem.
Winter storage cabbage is more obvious. After the subsidy is cancelled, social capital actively participates in the supply of winter vegetables. The citizens can not only eat vegetables in winter, but also eat a variety of fresh vegetables. Some areas have also reformed the bus industry. After the entry of social capital, the government only supervised the quality of service and operated relatively well.
In Guo Bochun's view, state-owned enterprises are first and foremost a business, and they need professional managers to manage them. In the past, the state-owned enterprises had serious work styles and strong administrative colors. The main source was the administrative level of corporate executives. Another major measure of the reform of Yinchuan state-owned enterprises was the implementation of administrative reforms by state-owned enterprises, and the introduction of the “Management Measures for Professional Managers of State-owned and State-owned Holding Companies in Yinchuan City”, which eliminated the administrative level of state-owned enterprises, the status of state cadres and administrative appointments. The management system of professional managers is implemented, and the senior executives of state-owned enterprises are transformed from administrative appointments and dismissals to professional appointments. In 2016, three state-owned enterprise executives in Yinchuan City voluntarily applied for resignation from public office and became managers. Tian Youqiang, general manager of Yinchuan Industrial Fund Company, who resigned from public office, said that the administrative level has removed the level of “official hat”, changed his identity, and managed the business in full accordance with market rules. There is more pressure and no motivation. Will face laid-off. The only goal now is to find ways to maximize corporate profits through effective investment. In fact, de-administration is not only a pressure and motivation for corporate executives who resign from public office, but also an encouragement and recognition for some newly hired corporate executives. Shi Zongzhi, deputy general manager of the Western (Yinchuan) Guarantee Co., Ltd. said: "I came to the state-owned enterprises and found that I am a second-class person. Some of my peers have a level and some are discriminated against. Now, we are all professional managers. Equal pay for equal work and equal assessment, everyone is equal."
For another example, more than 30 investor rights, including the human rights, property rights, and powers of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, are granted to capital investment operation companies. The evaluation of the performance of state-owned enterprises by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission has turned into the use of a performance indicator to assess all enterprises, so that everyone is equal before the profit.
Wu Qi, director of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Yinchuan City, said: "This is actually not giving up other assessments, but promoting other construction through profitability assessment."
Through the evaluation of unique profit indicators, it also promoted the reform of corporate executive compensation in disguise. Wu Qi said that after completing the established profit target, corporate executives can get wages and annual salary. If they fail to meet the salary reduction in the first year, the leadership team will face replacement in the second year. “But if the company not only accomplishes the goal, but also over-compensates, the extra profits, the company and the shareholders are divided proportionally.”
Take care of the visible hand, use the invisible hand
The government regulates this visible hand. How can it complement the invisible hand of the market and boost the economy? "To define the role of the government, the government is first and foremost a market regulator. Building a unified, open and competitive market system is the basis for the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation, and should also be the primary goal of market regulators. There are two channels for the government to play a regulatory role: one is to formulate regulatory rules for the market, and the other is to purchase services in the market. The regulation of rules is relatively static and stable, and the regulation of purchasing services is dynamic.” Guo Baichun believes.
More than a year of reforms have brought about many effects. The most obvious point is that state-owned enterprises have become bigger and stronger. Secondly, the market is active, and the direct intervention and division of the government's “visible hand” and “cane stick” is curbed. The unified, open and competitive market system has taken shape, and various investment entities have come to invest. Especially in the investment of some emerging industries, the market has recovered its vitality and the industrial structure has also changed.
The enthusiasm of private investment was spurred. The government faced the market. The market treated all enterprises equally, and removed the “glass door” and “spring door”. Together with the administrative efficiency brought by the reform of the administrative examination and approval system, the enthusiasm for social capital investment was stimulated. come out. From January to June 2016, the investment in fixed assets of Yinchuan citizens increased by 40.2% year-on-year, which was 37.4 percentage points higher than the national average.
Gradually clarifying the relationship between the government, the market, and the state-owned enterprises, and clarifying the timing and mode of the government's regulatory role under the premise of the decisive role of the market, as if the butterfly smashed into a butterfly, the reform of state-owned enterprises in Yinchuan promoted the entire real economy. Healthy development.